d-lactate-induced ETosis in cattle polymorphonuclear leucocytes is dependent on the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1 and GSK-3ß pathways.

d-lactate is a metabolite originating from bacterial metabolism that accumulates as a result of dietary disturbances in cattle, leading to ruminal acidosis. d-lactate exerts functions as a metabolic signal inducing metabolic reprogramming and extracellular trap (ET) release in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). We previously demonstrated that d-lactate induces metabolic reprogramming via hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) stabilization in bovine fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). In the present study, the role of HIF-1 in ET formation induced by d-lactate was assessed. HIF-1α stabilization in PMNs was controlled by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) release. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and scavenging of mtROS decreased d-lactate-triggered ETosis. d-lactate-enhanced HIF-1α accumulation was dependent on the PI3K/Akt pathway but independent of GSK-3ß activity. Pharmacological blockade of the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1 and GSK-3ß axes inhibited d-lactate-triggered ETosis and downregulated PDK1 and LDHA expression. However, only GSK-3ß inhibition decreased the expression of glycogen metabolism enzymes and prevented the decline in glycogen stores induced by d-lactate exposure. The results of this study suggest that mtROS, PI3K/Akt/HIF-1 and GSK-3ß axes regulate carbohydrate metabolism adaptations that support d-lactate-induced ET formation in cattle.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Variants and Their Implication in Surgery and Neck Pathologies, Using the Anatomical Quality Assurance (AQUA) Checklist.

INTRODUCTION: The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is the structure responsible for sensory and motor innervation of the larynx, and it has been shown that its lesion due to a lack of surgical rigor led to alterations such as respiratory obstruction due to vocal cords paralysis and permanent phonation impairment. The objectives of this review were to know the variants of the RLN and its clinical relevance in the neck region. METHODS: This review considered specific scientific articles that were written in Spanish or English and published between 1960 and 2022. A systematic search was carried out in the electronic databases MEDLINE, WOS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, SCIELO, and Latin American and Caribbean Center for Information on Health Sciences to compile the available literature on the subject to be treated and was enrolled in PROSPERO. The included articles were studies that had a sample of RLN dissections or imaging, intervention group to look for RLN variants, or the comparison of the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) variants, and finally, its clinical correlations. Review articles and letters to the editor were excluded. All included articles were evaluated through quality assessment and risk of bias analysis using the methodological quality assurance tool for anatomical studies (AQUA). The extracted data in the meta-analysis were interpreted to calculate the prevalence of the RLN variants and their comparison and the relationship between the RLN and NRLN. The heterogeneity degree between included studies was assessed. RESULTS: The included studies that showed variants of the RLN included in this review were 41, a total of 29,218. For the statistical analysis of the prevalence of the RLN variant, a forest plot was performed with 15 studies that met the condition of having a prevalence of less than 100%. As a result, the prevalence was shown to be 12% (95% CI, SD 0.11 to 0.14). Limitations that were present in this review were the publication bias of the included studies, the probability of not having carried out the most sensitive and specific search, and finally, the authors' personal inclinations in selecting the articles. DISCUSSION: This meta-analysis can be considered based on an update of the prevalence of RLN variants, in addition to considering that the results show some clinical correlations such as intra-surgical complications and with some pathologies and aspects function of the vocal cords, which could be a guideline in management prior to surgery or of interest for the diagnostic.

Perfil epidemiológico de la infección por Enterococcus SPP en un hospital regional / Epidemiological profile of enterococcus SPP infection in a regional hospital

Introducción: los enterococos son responsables de múltiples infecciones y por su creciente patrón de resistencia se ha vuelto de interés en el país y en el mundo. Objetivo: caracterizar las infecciones por Enterococcus spp. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo observacional transversal desde enero 2015 hasta enero 2018 en un hospital regional. Resultados: la prevalencia de las infecciones por Enterococcus spp. fue de 0,154%. El E. faecalis fue el más aislado, seguido del E. faecium. La resistencia a ampicilina fue de 19% y a vancomicina de 10%; 32% de los pacientes tuvieron terapia empírica con vancomicina y 22% con piperacilina tazobactam, la mediana de antibioticoterapia fue de 10 días. Discusión: el interés por los Enterococcus spp. se ha incrementado debido a que representan una carga importante en las infecciones asociadas con la atención en salud (IAAS). La mayoría se dan en hombres con una edad mediana de 40 a 60 años, hospitalizados en UCI, con infecciones urinarias y comorbilidades como inmunosupresión y cirugías previas. Conclusión: como ha venido reportándose aumento en las tasas de resistencia a vancomicina y ampicilina, se recomienda el uso responsable de la terapia antibiótica, con la finalidad de erradicar en forma eficaz al patógeno y prevenir nuevas resistencias.

Introduction: enterococci can cause multiple infections and due to their increasing resistance to antibiotics they have become of national and global concern. Objective: to characterize infections caused by Enterococcus spp.Methodology: descriptive, retrospective observational cross-sectional study conducted from January 2015 to January 2018 in a regional hospital. Results: the prevalence of Enterococcus spp. infections was 0.154%. E. faecalis was the most commonly isolated, followed by E. faecium. Antibiotic resistance was 19% and 10% for ampicillin and vancomycin respectively, 32% of patients received empirical therapy with vancomycin and 22% with piperacillin tazobactam. The median duration of antibiotic therapy was 10 days. Discussion: interest in Enterococcus spp. has increased for they are recognized as an important burden in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Enterococcal infection occurs mainly among men, median age 40 to 60 years, hospitalized in the ICU, with urinary tract infections and comorbidities such as immunosuppression and previous surgeries. Conclusion: as an increased rate of vancomycin and ampicillin resistance in enterococci has been reported, a responsible use of antibiotic therapy is recommended in order to effectively eradicate the pathogen and prevent the emergence of new bacterial resistances.

Trauma raquimedular silente / Trauma raquimedular silente

El traumatismo raquimedular se define como el trauma que afecta cualquier nivel de las estructuras de la columna vertebral (osteoligamentosas, cartilaginosas, musculares, vasculares, meníngeas, radiculares y medulares). Los pacientes son en su mayoría jóvenes, víctimas de accidentes o violencia. Los costos de su tratamiento inmediato y a largo plazo son elevados. Se reporta un caso de trauma raquimedular en un adolescente, cuyo examen físico demostró normalidad neurológica; sin embargo, en los exámenes de imagen se evidenció triple fractura vertebral toráxica (T6, T7 y T8), que fue corregida mediante cirugía, seguida de rehabilitación física; la recuperación fue completa y no quedaron secuelas. La normalidad neurológica luego de injuria espinal no descarta un daño medular, por lo que el cuidado inmediato y la evaluación completa de estos pacientes son parte fundamental del protocolo de su atención.

Spinal cord trauma is defined as the trauma that affects all levels of the structures of the spine (osteo, ligament, cartilaginous, muscle, vascular, meningeal, root and spinal cord). The patients are mostly young people, victims of accidents or violence. Immediate treatment and long-term costs are high. We report a case of spinal cord trauma in a teenager, whose physical exam was neurologically normal. However, the image exams showed triple spinal thoracic fracture (T6, T7 and T8), which was corrected by surgery, followed by physical rehabilitation; the recovery was complete and the patient had not sequelae. Neurological normality after spinal injury does not rule out a spinal cord damage; that is why immediate care and complete evaluation of these patients are an essential part of the protocol of their health attention.

Ventilatory weaning practices in intensive care units in the city of Cali.

OBJECTIVE: Early weaning from mechanical ventilation is one of the primary goals in managing critically ill patients. There are various techniques and measurement parameters for such weaning. The objective of this study was to describe the practices of ventilatory weaning in adult intensive care units in the city of Cali. METHODS: A survey of 32 questions (some multiple choice) evaluating weaning practices was distributed to physiotherapists and respiratory therapists working in intensive care units, to be answered anonymously. RESULTS: The most common strategy for the parameter set was the combination of continuous positive airway pressure with pressure support (78%), with a large variability in pressure levels, the most common range being 6 to 8 cm H2O. The most common weaning parameters were as follows: tidal volume (92.6%), respiratory rate (93.3%) and oxygen saturation (90.4%). The most common waiting time for registration of the parameters was >15 minutes (40%). The measurements were preferably obtained from the ventilator display. CONCLUSION: The methods and measurement parameters of ventilatory weaning vary greatly. The most commonly used method was continuous positive airway pressure with more pressure support and the most commonly used weaning parameters were the measured tidal volume and respiratory rate.

Evaluación del mejoramiento de habilidades básicas para cirugía laparoscópica por medio del entrenamiento con un videojuego / Evaluation of Basic Skills Improvement for Laparoscopy by Training with a Video Game / Avaliação do melhoramento de habilidades básicas para cirurgia laparoscópica por meio do treinamento com um videojogo

Introducción: debido a las crecientes limitaciones éticas y de recursos en el entrenamiento de aprendices en cirugía mínimamente invasiva (CMI, E. G. laparoscopia) en pacientes, se pretende evaluar el efecto de la práctica continua con un videojuego en particular en el desarrollo de las habilidades fundamentales a la hora de ejecutar una de estas cirugías. Materiales y métodos: se seleccionaron tres actividades esenciales (corte, sutura y coordinación mano-ojo) por realizar en simuladores laparoscópicos, con el fin de establecer si la práctica con el videojuego es efectiva en el desarrollo de las habilidades necesarias en CMI. Se evaluaron en total ocho variables de desempeño en las tres actividades seleccionadas. Con base en esto, se evaluaron catorce aprendices médicos sin experiencia en laparoscopia, divididos en dos grupos (control e intervención), antes y después de un programa de entrenamiento estandarizado con el videojuego Marblemanía® y una duración de un mes. Resultados: se evidenció que la práctica continua con el videojuego Marblemanía® mejoró todas las variables de desempeño. Estos resultados positivos fueron significativamente diferentes a favor del grupo que tuvo acceso al programa de entrenamiento con el videojuego en 3 de las 8 variables de desempeño medidas en las tres actividades seleccionadas: errores en la actividad de sutura (p = 0,003), y el tiempo de ejecución y errores en la actividad coordinación mano-ojo (p = 0,025 y 0,001, respectivamente).

Introduction: Due to the growing economical and ethical limitations in surgeons training for minimally invasive surgery (MIS, e.g. laparoscopy), this study aims at evaluating the effect of a continuous practice of a particular videogame on the development of the fundamental and specific skills needed to perform this type of procedure successfully. Materials and methods: To evaluate the effectiveness of video game practicing, three essential and common activities were chosen (cutting, suturing, and eye-hand coordination) to be performed in laparoscopic simulators. Eight different indexes or variables of performance were measured in the three activities. Fourteen voluntaries without previous experience in surgery were divided in two groups (intervention and control) and their performance was evaluated before and after a one-month standardized training program with the video game Marble Mania®. Results: A general improvement of all the performance variables was observed after one month training in the intervention group. This improvement was significant with respect to the control group in three of the eight variables: suturing errors (p = 0.003), and the execution and number of errors in the eye-hand coordination (p = 0.025 and 0.001, respectively).

Introdução: devido às crescentes limitações éticas e de recursos no treinamento de aprendizes em cirurgia minimamente invasiva (CMI, e.g. laparoscopia) em pacientes, pretende-se avaliar o efeito da prática contínua com um videojogo em particular no desenvolvimento das habilidades fundamentais na hora de executar uma destas cirurgias. Materiais e métodos: se selecionaram três atividades essenciais (corte, sutura e coordenação mão-olho), a realizar em simuladores laparoscópicos, com o fim de estabelecer se a prática com o videojogo é efetiva no desenvolvimento das habilidades necessárias em CMI. Em total, avaliaram-se oito variáveis de desempenho nas três atividades selecionadas. Com base nisso, avaliaram-se catorze aprendizes médicos sem experiência em laparoscopia, divididos em dois grupos (controles e intervenção), antes e depois de um programa de treinamento estandardizado com o videojogo Marblemanía® em uma duração de um mês. Resultados: se evidenciou que a pratica contínua com o videojogo Marblemanía® melhorou todas as variáveis de desempenho. Estes resultados positivos foram significativamente diferentes a favor do grupo que teve acesso ao programa de treinamento com o videojogo em três das oito variáveis de desempenho medidas nas três atividades selecionadas: erros na atividade de sutura (p = 0.003), o tempo de execução e erros na atividade coordenação mão-olho (p = 0.025 y 0.001, respectivamente).

Prácticas de destete ventilatorio en las unidades de cuidado intensivo de la ciudad de Cali / Ventilatory weaning practices in intensive care units in the city of Cali

Objetivo: El destete temprano de la ventilación mecánica es uno de los objetivos primordiales en el manejo del paciente crítico. Existen diversas técnicas y parámetros de medida para realizarlo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir las prácticas del destete ventilatorio en unidades de cuidado intensivo adulto en la ciudad de Cali. Métodos: Una encuesta de 32 preguntas; algunas de múltiple escogencia, que evaluaron las prácticas del destete, fue distribuida entre los fisioterapeutas y terapeutas respiratorios que trabajaban en unidades de cuidado intensivo, para ser respondida de forma anónima. Resultados: La estrategia más frecuente para el registro de parámetros fue la combinación de presión positiva continua con presión de soporte (78%), con gran variabilidad en los niveles de presión, siendo el rango más frecuente de 6 a 8cmH2O. Los parámetros de destete más registrados fueron: el volumen corriente (92,6%), la frecuencia respiratoria (93,3%) y la saturación de oxígeno (90,4%). El tiempo de espera más frecuente para el registro de los parámetros fue >15 minutos (40%). Las medidas se realizaron preferentemente con el display del ventilador. Conclusion: Existe una gran variabilidad sobre los métodos y la medición de los parámetros de destete ventilatorio. El método más utilizado fue presión positiva continua en la vía aérea más presión de soporte y los parámetros de destete más usados fueron la medición del volumen corriente y la frecuencia respiratoria. .

Objective: Early weaning from mechanical ventilation is one of the primary goals in managing critically ill patients. There are various techniques and measurement parameters for such weaning. The objective of this study was to describe the practices of ventilatory weaning in adult intensive care units in the city of Cali. Methods: A survey of 32 questions (some multiple choice) evaluating weaning practices was distributed to physiotherapists and respiratory therapists working in intensive care units, to be answered anonymously. Results: The most common strategy for the parameter set was the combination of continuous positive airway pressure with pressure support (78%), with a large variability in pressure levels, the most common range being 6 to 8cmH2O. The most common weaning parameters were as follows: tidal volume (92.6%), respiratory rate (93.3%) and oxygen saturation (90.4%). The most common waiting time for registration of the parameters was >15 minutes (40%). The measurements were preferably obtained from the ventilator display. Conclusion: The methods and measurement parameters of ventilatory weaning vary greatly. The most commonly used method was continuous positive airway pressure with more pressure support and the most commonly used weaning parameters were the measured tidal volume and respiratory rate. .

Oclusión tubárica bilateral relacionada a dispareunia / Fallopian tube occlusion and dispareunia

La dispareunia (dolor durante o después de la relación sexual) tiene una etiología multifactorial y multisistémica; se presenta hasta en un 45% de las mujeres que han dado a luz. La oclusión tubárica bilateral (OTB) es uno de los métodos más utilizados en planificación familiar en México y en el mundo; debido a que toda cirugía implica la formación de una cicatriz -y por tanto dolor-, es lógico pensar en problemas ginecológicos en general como efectos colaterales de este procedimiento, aunado al hecho de que la OTB puede afectar las ramas terminales de las arterias uterina y ovárica, además de la sección de fibras nerviosas. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la existencia de dispareunia en mujeres como posible consecuencia de la OTB. Se analizaron los resultados obtenidos del interrogatorio a todas las pacientes que acudieron al Laboratorio de Biología Celular del programa de Detección Oportuna de Cáncer (DOC) del 2001 al 2008. De un total de 921 pacientes, 287 fueron sometidas a OTB; de ellas, 45 mujeres (15.7%) refirieron presentar dispareunia. La dispareunia de acuerdo con nuestro estudio tiene una incidencia muy baja en pacientes con OTB, por lo que es posible que no represente un efecto colateral de este procedimiento.

Dyspareunia (pain during or after sexual intercourse) has a multifactorial and multisystemic etiology, occurring in up to 45% of the women who have given birth. Bilateral tubal occlusion is one of the top methods in family planning in Mexico and in the world; because all surgery involves the formation of a scar and therefore pain and so the fact that Bilateral tubal occlusion can affect the terminal branches of the uterine and ovarian arteries in addition to the section of nerve fibers, it's possible to think of general gynecological problems as side effects of this procedure. The objective of this research is to evaluate the existence of dyspareunia in women as a possible consequence of the Bilateral tubal occlusion. We analyzed the results of the questioning of all patients who attended the Laboratorio de Biología Celular to the program Early Detection of Cancer from 2001 to 2008. From a total of 921 patients, 287 were submitted to bilateral tubal occlusion, of whom 45 women (15.7%) reported dyspareunia. According to our study dyspareunia has a very low incidence in patients with bilateral tubal occlusion and therefore may not represent a side effect of this procedure.